World Thalassemia Day: Everything You Should Know About The Blood Related Genetic Disorder

Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the body's ability to produce hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. On World Thalassemia Day, here's everything you need to know about this condition.

thalassemia

What is Thalassemia?

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterised by abnormal hemoglobin production. People with thalassemia produce fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin than normal, leading to anemia and other complications.

Causes of Thalassemia

Thalassemia is caused by mutations in the genes responsible for producing hemoglobin. These mutations can affect the production of alpha or beta globin chains, the building blocks of hemoglobin. Inheritance of faulty genes from both parents is necessary for a person to develop thalassemia.

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Symptoms of Thalassemia

Symptoms of thalassemia can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:?Fatigue and weakness, pale or yellowish skin, shortness of breath, delayed growth and development, facial bone deformities (in severe cases), enlarged spleen and liver, dark urine.

Cure and Treatment Options

While there is currently no cure for thalassemia, treatment aims to manage symptoms and complications. Treatment options may include:

1. Blood transfusions: Regular blood transfusions can help replace the deficient red blood cells and improve symptoms of anemia.
2. Iron chelation therapy: Excess iron from blood transfusions can accumulate in the body and cause damage to organs. Iron chelation therapy helps remove excess iron from the body.Folic acid supplements: Folic acid supplements can help stimulate the production of red blood cells and improve anemia.
3. Bone marrow transplantation: For severe cases of thalassemia, a bone marrow transplant may be recommended. This procedure can replace defective bone marrow with healthy donor cells.
4. Gene therapy: Experimental gene therapy approaches are being investigated as potential treatments for thalassemia. These therapies aim to correct the genetic defects responsible for the condition.

The Indian Express/Representational Image

In all, Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia and other complications. While there is currently no cure for thalassemia, treatment options are available to manage symptoms and improve quality of life for affected individuals. Early diagnosis and appropriate medical care are essential for managing thalassemia effectively.

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