TB Remains To Be The World¡¯s Deadliest Infectious Disease Says WHO, India Falls In The Top 20

It¡¯s official, WHO states that Tuberculosis (TB) is the deadliest infection in the world. WHO laid this claim despite the fact that 54 million tuberculosis (TB) deaths have been averted since 2000.

India falls amongst the top 20 countries, which account to a total of 84% of the total incidence rate of TB globally, according to the latest report by WHO.

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Incidence is the number of active new cases of TB during a certain period at any given point in time (typically with a year). India has one the highest burden of TB, with an estimate incidence figure of 2.79 million cases.

It is estimated that an alarming 40% of the Indian population is infected with TB; a majority whom may have a latent form that may not even be aware of. What¡¯s makes this an even more scary is the fact that India also happens to be the country with one of the highest burdens of multi-drug resistant TB patients.

The underreporting and under-diagnosis of TB cases remains to be a major challenge, as well.

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Of the 10 million people who fell ill with TB in 2017, only 6.4 million were officially recorded by national reporting systems, leaving 3.6 million people undiagnosed, or detected but not reported.

Ten countries accounted for 80 percent of this gap, according to the report, with India, Indonesia and Nigeria topping the list. Less than half of the estimated one million children with TB were reported in 2017, making it a much higher gap in detection than that in adults.

WHO, in its latest 2018 Global TB Report, says countries are still not doing enough to end TB by 2030 and calls for an unprecedented mobilization of national and international commitments.

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It urges for decisive action from nearly 50 heads of state and government who are expected to gather next week for the first-ever UN High-level Meeting on TB, Xinhua news agency reported.

The report finds that overall, TB deaths have decreased over the past year, with an estimated 10 million people having developed TB and 1.6 million deaths, including among 300,000 HIV-positive people, in 2017. The number of new cases is falling by two percent per year.

Treatment coverage, at 64 percent, also lags behind and must increase to at least 90 percent by 2025 to meet the targets of ending TB by 2030.

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"We have never seen such high-level political attention and understanding of what the world needs to do to end TB and drug-resistant TB," said WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

"We must ensure that we hold our leaders accountable for the actions they promise to take. And we must hold ourselves accountable for keeping the pressure on."

To urgently improve detection, diagnosis and treatment rates, the WHO and partners launched a new initiative in 2018 to set the target of providing quality care to 40 million people with TB from 2018 to 2022, while predicting that at least 30 million people should be able to access TB preventive treatment during the period.

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The WHO strongly recommends preventive treatment for people living with HIV, and children under five years living in households with TB, and has issued related new guidance this year to facilitate greater access to preventive services for those who need it.