Delhi AQI dips to 361 in 'very poor' category: Prolonged exposure to air pollution can lead to depression; here¡¯s how experts decode it

Delhi and other parts of the National Capital Regions (NCR) woke up to a thick layer of smog on Wednesday morning, with the air quality index (AQI) standing at 361.

According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the AQI remained in the very ¡®poor category¡¯. Air pollution continues to be a growing concern in Delhi-NCR year after year, with prolonged exposure to toxic air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide significantly impacting the respiratory system.

People with a history of respiratory issues are experiencing breathing difficulties, warn experts. Air pollution, often seen as a mere physical health risk, has a significant impact on mental health. ¡°Emerging research links prolonged exposure to polluted air with increased risks of mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline,¡± says Dr. Vinit Banga, Director-Neurology, Fortis Hospital, Faridabad.

Prolonged exposure to air pollution and depleting AQI levels leads to depression and psychosis

A study conducted by the University of Bristol, revealed that children exposed to air pollution could be at higher risk of developing mental health problems, including depression and psychosis.

Dr. Banga explains, ¡°Pollutants like fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide can penetrate the bloodstream and affect brain function. These pollutants trigger inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain, leading to mood dysregulation and even damage to brain cells.¡±

¡°Additionally, studies show that people in highly polluted areas are more likely to experience chronic stress and fatigue, as their bodies constantly combat the toxic air. The psychological effects of air pollution are profound, with some research even suggesting higher rates of hospitalisation for mental health issues in polluted areas,¡± he adds.

Addressing air quality is not just about improving respiratory health; it¡¯s an urgent call to protect mental well-being and improve overall quality of life.

Poor AQI and toxic pollutants affect neurotransmitter functions

The impact of air pollution on mental health is an area gaining urgent attention among healthcare professionals. Studies reveal that long-term exposure to air pollutants can alter brain chemistry, increasing vulnerability to mental health disorders like anxiety, depression, and even cognitive decline.

According to Dr. Samant Darshi, Consultant Psychiatrist-Yatharth, Hospital, ¡°Toxic pollutants enter the body through inhalation, triggering an inflammatory response that affects neurotransmitter function in the brain. This reaction can lead to mood disorders, as inflammation in the brain is closely linked with anxiety and depression.¡±

Ways to protect your brain from air pollution

Beyond the biological impact, polluted environments also affect mental health indirectly; living in such areas can limit outdoor activities, social interaction, and exercise, all of which are crucial for maintaining mental well-being, advises Dr. Darshi.

With mounting evidence highlighting these connections, policymakers and communities are encouraged to consider mental health as a critical factor in air quality regulations, recognising that cleaner air is essential for both physical and emotional health.

Waking up to dangerous levels of air pollution can be scary, so it's imperative to take care of your mental health too.

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