Here's Everything You Need To Know About Intermittent Explosive Disorder

It's not uncommon to experience bouts of aggression or impulsiveness during moments of stress or frustration. As human beings, we all have emotional responses that can lead us to react strongly to certain situations. While these occasional bursts of intensity are part of our nature, they can become problematic when they occur repeatedly.

Recurring episodes of aggression and impulsiveness can create a slippery slope that may lead to larger issues, affecting our personal and professional lives. This may also be an indication of one having a mental condition called Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED).

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What is Intermittent Explosive Disorder?

Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) is a mental health condition characterised by recurrent episodes of impulsive and aggressive behaviour that are out of proportion to the provoking factors.

Individuals with IEDs may experience sudden outbursts of anger, aggression, or violent behaviour, resulting in physical or verbal harm to others or property damage. These episodes are often intense, brief, and followed by feelings of remorse or guilt.

What causes this mental condition?

Here are some valid studies and insights that shed light on the potential causes of IED:

Due to several neurological and genetic factors

A study published in the journal Biological Psychiatry (Coccaro et al., 2007) found evidence of a genetic predisposition to aggressive behaviour in individuals with IED. The researchers discovered a significant association between the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) and IED, suggesting that variations in this gene might contribute to the development of the disorder. Additionally, other neurobiological factors, such as abnormalities in the limbic system and frontal lobes of the brain, have been implicated in the regulation of impulsive and aggressive behaviours in individuals with IED.

Due to childhood trauma and adversity

A longitudinal study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research (Coccaro et al., 2014) examined the role of childhood adversity in the development of IED. The researchers found that individuals who experienced physical or sexual abuse, neglect, or witnessed violence during childhood were more likely to develop aggressive behaviours and meet the criteria for IED later in life. Childhood trauma and adverse experiences can have lasting effects on brain development and emotional regulation, contributing to the manifestation of aggressive behaviours in adulthood.

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Due to impulsivity

A study published in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology (McCloskey et al., 2008) explored the relationship between impulsivity and IED. The researchers found that individuals with IED exhibited higher levels of trait impulsivity, suggesting that difficulties in controlling impulsive reactions play a significant role in the disorder. Emotional dysregulation, characterised by difficulties in managing and expressing emotions appropriately, has also been linked to the severity of aggressive behaviours in individuals with IED.

Serotonin dysregulation

Research published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (Stanford et al., 2000) examined the role of serotonin and cortisol dysregulation in individuals with IED. The study found abnormalities in the function of these neurotransmitters and hormones, which are involved in regulating mood and stress responses. These dysregulations may contribute to the heightened aggression and impulsivity seen in individuals with IED.

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What are the treatments for IED?

If you or someone you know is struggling with IED, it's essential to seek professional help from a mental health specialist, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist. They can assess the specific situation and recommend appropriate treatments. Here are some common treatments for IED:

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), can be effective in helping individuals with IED learn coping strategies, anger management techniques, and better impulse control. Therapists work with patients to identify triggers, underlying causes of anger, and healthier ways to express emotions.

Medication

In some cases, medication may be prescribed to help manage the symptoms of IED. Commonly prescribed medications include mood stabilisers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. The choice of medication will depend on the individual's specific symptoms and needs.

Anger management programmes

These programs are specifically designed to help individuals with IED learn how to manage and control their anger. Techniques such as relaxation exercises, assertiveness training, and communication skills may be taught.

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Stress reduction techniques

Learning stress reduction techniques like mindfulness meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises can help individuals manage their emotions and reduce the likelihood of anger outbursts.

Having support groups is necessary

Support groups can be beneficial for individuals with this mental condition as they provide a safe environment to share experiences, learn from others, and receive emotional support. Not just that, it gives them a sense of belonging, knowing that they are not alone.

Having several lifestyle changes

Adopting a healthy lifestyle can contribute to better emotional regulation. Regular exercise, sufficient sleep, and a balanced diet can positively impact mood and reduce stress.

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It's crucial to remember that each individual's experience with IED is unique, and treatment plans should be tailored to their specific needs and circumstances. Seeking professional help is the best course of action to manage and treat IED effectively.