Everything You Need To Know About 'Somatization' Disorder

Have you ever had physical health conditions where there are no probable reasons as to why these problems are even occurring? Well, this could be due to an underlying medical condition called somatic symptom disorder.

What is Somatic Symptom Disorder?

Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) is a mental health condition characterized by a persistent and excessive focus on physical symptoms and health concerns that are not explained by an underlying medical condition.

It falls under the category of somatic symptoms and related disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).

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There are several symptoms that come with this disorder

Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) is characterised by a preoccupation with physical symptoms and health concerns, which can lead to significant distress and impairment in daily life. Here are the typical symptoms and presentation of SSD:

There are multiple and varied physical symptoms

Individuals with SSD often experience a wide range of physical symptoms. These can include, but are not limited to: Pain (headaches, joint pain, abdominal pain, etc.) Gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, diarrhoea, bloating) - Fatigue Cardiovascular symptoms (palpitations, chest pain) Sexual symptoms (e.g., erectile dysfunction) Neurological symptoms (numbness, tingling, weakness) Respiratory symptoms (shortness of breath) Skin complaints (itching, rashes).

There is excessive focus and concern

What sets SSDs apart is the excessive focus on these physical symptoms and the disproportionate concern about their meaning and seriousness. Individuals often interpret these symptoms as indicative of a severe, undiagnosed medical condition, even when medical tests fail to provide objective evidence of such a condition.

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There is a persistent preoccupation

The preoccupation with physical symptoms and health concerns tends to be persistent and pervasive. It occupies a significant portion of the individual's thoughts and daily life.

There is a high level of distress

This preoccupation causes significant emotional distress, anxiety, and worry. Individuals may fear that they have a serious illness, and these fears can be overwhelming.

There is an impairment in functioning

Excessive concern about physical symptoms often leads to impairment in various areas of life, including work, social relationships, and daily activities. People with SSD may avoid activities or situations that they believe could exacerbate their symptoms or health concerns.

There may be frequent medical visits

People with SSD may engage in excessive healthcare utilisation, including repeated doctor visits, medical tests, and consultations with multiple healthcare providers. They may seek reassurance and further medical investigations, even when prior tests have shown no significant medical issues.

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How does one diagnose somatic symptom disorder?

The diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is typically made by a qualified mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, based on a thorough assessment. Here are the steps and criteria used in diagnosing SSD:

There needs to be a clinical assessment

The diagnostic process begins with a comprehensive clinical assessment. This involves a detailed evaluation of the individual's medical and psychological history, including a review of the symptoms, their onset, duration, and impact on daily life.

There is a ruling out of physical conditions

It is crucial to rule out any underlying medical conditions that could explain the reported physical symptoms. This typically involves conducting a thorough physical examination and, in some cases, medical tests and imaging to confirm that there is no organic cause for the symptoms.

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DSM-5 Criteria

The diagnosis of SSD is made based on the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). To receive a diagnosis of SSD, the following criteria must be met:

The presence of one or more distressing and disruptive physical symptoms.Excessive thoughts, feelings, and behaviours related to the physical symptoms, such as disproportionate worry and preoccupation with health concerns. The symptoms and concerns have been present for at least six months. The symptoms are not better explained by another medical or mental disorder.

There is an impact on the evaluation

The mental health professional assesses the impact of the symptoms and concerns on the individual's daily life, including their ability to work, maintain relationships, and engage in daily activities.

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What is the treatment for this condition?

The treatment of somatic symptom disorders, including somatic symptom disorder (SSD), typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and, in some cases, medication. Here are the key components of treatment:

Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

CBT is often the treatment of choice for somatic symptom disorders. It helps individuals understand and manage their symptoms, address the disproportionate worry about their health, and identify and challenge maladaptive thought patterns related to their physical symptoms.

Mindfulness-Based Therapies

Mindfulness-based approaches, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), can be beneficial in helping individuals cope with distressing physical symptoms and improve their overall well-being.

Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)

ERP, commonly used in the treatment of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders, may be employed to help individuals gradually confront their fears and anxieties related to their physical symptoms.

Providing education

Educating individuals about somatic symptom disorders and the mind-body connection can be an essential part of treatment. Understanding how psychological factors can influence physical symptoms can empower individuals to take control of their condition.

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Hope these factors help someone learn about the condition well.