Farmers Protest: What Is LRAD And Why Is It Deployed At Delhi Borders

In a bid to stop the protesting farmers from entering the national capital, security agencies have reportedly deployed Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) at Shambhu Border. While many have criticised this move by the police, LRAD deployment is still being debated. Let us understand what this arguably problematic device is all about.

What is a Long Range Acoustic Device

It is a type of directional acoustic communication device and sonic weapon that is often used for long-range communication and crowd control. LRAD is designed to broadcast highly directional sound over relatively long distances.

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The LRAD system typically consists of a dish or horn-shaped device that focuses and amplifies sound waves. It can transmit a variety of sounds, including voice messages, warning tones, and sirens. The focused nature of the sound allows it to be heard clearly at a distance while minimising the impact on surrounding areas.

LRADs have been used for various purposes, including:

Communication: LRADs are used by law enforcement, military, and maritime agencies for long-range communication in situations where traditional communication methods may be ineffective. They can be used to broadcast instructions or warnings over large distances.

Crowd Control: LRADs have been deployed in crowd control situations to transmit deterrent tones or verbal commands. The intense and directional sound can be used to disperse crowds or discourage certain behaviors.

Security: LRADs are employed in maritime security to warn approaching vessels and deter potential threats. They can also be used to communicate with ships at a distance.

Wildlife Control: LRADs have been used to deter wildlife from areas where their presence may pose a threat or risk.

It's important to note that while LRADs have legitimate uses for communication and security, there have been concerns about their potential misuse or the risk of hearing damage if the devices are not used responsibly. In some cases, the use of LRADs in crowd control has sparked controversy and raised human rights and safety concerns.

Where was LRAD used first?

The Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) was first used by the U.S. military. It was developed by the American technology company LRAD Corporation (formerly American Technology Corporation) in the early 2000s. The device was initially designed for maritime security and long-range communication applications. The U.S. military deployed LRADs for various purposes, including providing a means of communication in areas with high background noise and for issuing warnings or instructions over long distances.

While its initial development and deployment were by the U.S. military, LRADs have since been used by various military and law enforcement agencies around the world. Additionally, LRADs have found applications in commercial and maritime settings for communication and security purposes.

Who Takes a call on use of LRAD

The decision to use a Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) is typically made by authorized personnel within military, law enforcement, or security agencies. The specific individuals or entities responsible for making the call on the use of LRADs may vary depending on the country, jurisdiction, and the nature of the deployment. Here are some key points:

Farmer protest | Photo: Bccl

Military: In a military context, decisions regarding the use of LRADs may be made by military commanders or officers in charge of a particular operation. The decision could be based on the tactical requirements of the mission, the need for communication over long distances, or the use of LRADs as a non-lethal means of crowd control.

Law Enforcement: For law enforcement agencies, decisions on the use of LRADs in crowd control or communication may be made by senior officers or those responsible for managing public order situations. Local policies, laws, and regulations may also influence the decision-making process.

Security Agencies: In other security contexts, such as maritime security or critical infrastructure protection, decisions on deploying LRADs may be made by security officials responsible for protecting specific assets or areas.

Government Authorities: In some cases, the use of LRADs may require authorisation from higher government authorities, especially if there are legal or policy considerations involved. Governments may set guidelines for the use of LRADs in specific situations.

How hazardous can LRAD be?

Long Range Acoustic Devices (LRADs) are generally designed to be non-lethal and to provide a means of long-range communication or deterrence. However, there are concerns about potential hazards associated with the use of LRADs, particularly when deployed in certain ways or at high intensity. Here are some considerations regarding the potential hazards of LRADs:

Farmer protest | Photo: BCCL

Hearing Damage:

High Intensity: LRADs can emit extremely loud sounds at high intensity levels. Prolonged exposure to such loud sounds can cause hearing damage or loss.Close Proximity: If individuals are in close proximity to the device when it is activated, there is a risk of immediate hearing damage.

Safety Concerns:

Startle Effect: The high-intensity sound produced by LRADs can startle individuals, potentially leading to disorientation or panic, especially in crowd control situations.Safety Distances: Proper safety measures and guidelines for the deployment of LRADs are essential to avoid unintentional harm to individuals within the effective range of the device.

Human Rights Concerns:

Misuse: There are concerns about the potential misuse of LRADs, such as using them inappropriately for crowd control or against peaceful demonstrators, which could violate human rights.

Psychological Impact:

Stress and Anxiety: The use of LRADs, especially in high-stress situations, can contribute to increased stress and anxiety among those exposed to the sound.

Vulnerability to Certain Populations:

Children and Vulnerable Groups: Certain populations, such as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, may be more vulnerable to the potential negative effects of LRADs.