World AIDS Day 2024: Understanding the difference between HIV and AIDS

In 2023, an estimated 630,000 people lost their lives to HIV-related causes globally, with approximately 39,600 of those deaths occurring in India alone. In light of these staggering statistics, World AIDS Day, observed annually on December 1st, serves as a crucial occasion to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS, support individuals living with the disease, and honour those who have passed away from AIDS-related complications. However, what many may not realise is that HIV and AIDS are not the same thing.

Difference Between HIV and AIDS

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus):

HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which help the body fight infections.

How it works: The virus weakens the immune system over time by destroying these T cells, making the body more vulnerable to infections.

Stages: HIV has several stages, starting from acute infection to chronic HIV. It can be managed with proper treatment (antiretroviral therapy).

With early detection and treatment, people living with HIV can live long, healthy lives without progressing to AIDS.

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome):

AIDS is the final and most severe stage of HIV infection. It occurs when the immune system is severely damaged due to the long-term effects of HIV.

Symptoms: At this stage, the immune system is so weakened that the body becomes highly susceptible to opportunistic infections or certain cancers.

Progression: AIDS develops if HIV is left untreated over several years. Not everyone with HIV will develop AIDS if treated early.

Can be life-threatening: Without treatment, AIDS can be fatal due to infections and diseases the body can no longer fight off.

Key differences:

Thus, not all people with HIV develop AIDS, especially with proper treatment.

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