Guru Ravidas Jayanti is an important occasion celebrated across India to honour the birth anniversary of Saint Ravidas Ji, a revered poet-saint and spiritual leader of the Bhakti movement. His teachings on equality, devotion, and social justice continue to inspire millions. But who was Guru Ravidas? Let's explore his life, philosophy, and contributions to spirituality and social reform.
Guru Ravidas was a 15th to 16th-century saint, poet, and social reformer known for his devotional hymns and teachings emphasising love, equality, and devotion to God. He played a key role in the Bhakti movement, which sought to remove social barriers and promote unity among all people, regardless of caste or religion. His teachings were deeply influential in shaping spiritual and social discourse in India.
The exact birth details of Guru Ravidas remain debated among historians. Some sources suggest that he was born in 1377 CE and lived until 1528 CE, while others believe he was born in 1433 CE. His birthplace is Sir Gobardhanpur, near Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Today, this location is recognised as Shri Guru Ravidass Janam Asthan, a sacred site for devotees.
Guru Ravidas was born into a family belonging to the leather-working Chamar community, which was considered a lower caste at the time. His parents were Santokh Dass and Mata Kalsi. Despite being engaged in his family's traditional occupation of leatherwork, he was deeply drawn to spirituality from a young age. He spent most of his time meditating and engaging in devotional practices by the banks of the Ganges.
Guru Ravidas was married to Lona Devi at 12, and the couple had a son named Vijay Dass. However, his spiritual inclination remained his foremost priority, leading him to spend time with saints, ascetics, and Sufi mystics.
Guru Ravidas promoted the idea of a casteless society and believed in the oneness of humanity. He rejected the rigid social hierarchies imposed by the caste system and encouraged people to seek spiritual enlightenment through devotion (Bhakti). He emphasized that God is beyond form (Nirguna) and can be reached through sincere devotion and pure heart.
As a key figure in the Bhakti movement, Guru Ravidas influenced many followers, including the famous saint-poet Kabir. He was believed to be a disciple of the Bhakti saint Ramananda. His teachings inspired both Hindus and Sikhs and his devotional hymns were included in the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhism.
Guru Ravidas composed numerous hymns and devotional songs that preached the values of love, unity, and devotion. His poetry can be found in the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib, where 41 of his hymns have been preserved. His verses also appear in the Panchvani, a sacred text of the Dadu Panthi tradition.
Guru Ravidas Jayanti 2025 will be observed on February 12, 2025. This auspicious day is celebrated with great devotion, particularly in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, and among the Ravidassia community worldwide.
On this day, devotees gather at temples and gurudwaras to recite their hymns, offer prayers, and participate in religious processions. The grandest celebration takes place at Shri Guru Ravidass Janam Asthan in Varanasi, where thousands of devotees assemble to pay homage to the saint.
Guru Ravidas travelled extensively across India, visiting pilgrimage sites in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and the Himalayas. His teachings attracted followers from different backgrounds, and even Brahmins are believed to have sought his guidance. His influence extended beyond religious boundaries, making him a revered figure in multiple spiritual traditions.
The teachings of Guru Ravidas continue to resonate with people today, especially those advocating for social equality and spiritual enlightenment. His message of unity and devotion is relevant in modern times, inspiring movements that fight against caste-based discrimination.
The Ravidassia community, which follows the teachings of Guru Ravidas, emerged as a distinct religious group. They consider him their primary spiritual leader and follow his hymns and teachings as a way of life. The community has established numerous temples and organisations worldwide to promote his legacy.
Guru Ravidas Jayanti 2025 is an opportunity to remember and honour the saint's contributions to spirituality and social harmony. His teachings remind us that devotion and love for humanity transcend all social and religious barriers. By following his principles, we can strive for a world filled with compassion, equality, and divine love.
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