World Prematurity Day 2024: From kangaroo care to cuddles, experts share 10 ways to take care of premature babies at home

The journey of pregnancy is like a roller coaster ride for all mothers-to-be when they experience major changes in their bodies ranging from mental to physical health. There are also situations such as infections or other pregnancy complications that may require early induction of labour or caesarean birth, and this is the reason why premature babies are born. To observe World Prematurity Day, let¡¯s understand why it happens and how to care for the premature baby.

If you go by the trends, the rate of preterm births or premature babies has increased in the recent past. In India, around 3.02 million preterm births took place in 2020, which is the highest across the globe, accounting for over 20 per cent of all the premature births taking place in the world, according to a report published in The Lancet.

However, to determine the main causes and mechanisms behind preterm birth, more research is required, but the arrival of a preemie can bring both joy and anxiety for parents, as these little ones need specialised care and support. ¡°A premature baby, often referred to as a preemie, is born before completing the typical nine months in the womb. Due to their early arrival, preemies are at a higher risk of experiencing various health complications. Factors contributing to premature birth can include multiple pregnancies (twins or triplets), severe infections, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and substance abuse,¡± says Dr. Amit P. Ghawade, Consultant-Pediatrinist and Neonatologist, Motherhood Hospitals, Kharghar, Mumbai.

The number of babies born prematurely across the world encounters a host of health problems and potential long-term growth issues.

Health challenges premature babies face

Premature babies often face health challenges such as underdeveloped lungs, delicate skin, and immature immune systems, making optimal aftercare crucial once they transition from the NICU to home.

Dr. Nitu Mundhra, Consultant Neonatologist and Lactation Expert, Wockhardt Hospitals, Mira Road, explains, ¡°Caring for a premature baby goes beyond the hospital walls, and parents will have to be attentive, as these little warriors need special care even at home. Parents must follow skin-to-skin contact or kangaroo care, which not only boosts bonding but also enhances the baby's heart rate and breathing by comforting the little one. Kangaroo care is crucial for the baby and should be followed without a gap for at least 6 months. The mothers should establish a consistent feeding routine, which is crucial for preemies, who often have unique nutritional needs due to their lower birth weight or underdeveloped systems.¡±

Here are essential aftercare tips to ensure your premature baby receives the best care possible while navigating this challenging journey.

Aftercare Tips for premature babies

Create a Stable Environment: It is essential to create stable and calm surroundings for a premature baby. It is imperative to ensure that the baby is in a quiet space with dim lighting as too much light in the room can irritate their sensitive eyes. Moreover, it is also important to note that premature babies are more sound-sensitive hence, try to limit unnecessary noise in the room.

Kangaroo Care: Kangaroo care means maintaining skin-to-skin contact with the baby for longer periods. At least an hour of kangaroo care daily is essential. This practice enhances the loving connection between both the mother and the baby. As well as, it helps in regulating the body's temperature, heart rate and breathing problems.

Breastfeeding Support: Many mothers usually face the major issue in breastfeeding a premature baby due to their early arrival. Hence, if direct breastfeeding is difficult then consider pumping regularly to provide breast milk.

Limit Visitors: While the arrival of a newborn is an exciting time, it¡¯s important to limit visitors to protect your baby¡¯s health. The first few weeks are critical for their development, and too many visitors can be overwhelming. Ensure that anyone who visits washes their hands thoroughly with soap or sanitiser before touching the baby.

Monitor Temperature: Preemie babies may struggle with temperature regulation. Use a reliable thermometer to monitor your baby¡¯s temperature regularly. Keep the room at a comfortable temperature and dress your baby in layers to help maintain warmth.

Follow-up with Healthcare Providers: Following up with doctors and caregivers is very important as these appointments help check the baby's growth and development and allow for early identification of any potential health diseases.

Be Aware of Developmental Milestones: As parents, it is better to keep a close eye on your baby¡¯s development and growth, and then discuss any concerns with your doctor.

Educate Yourself on CPR and First Aid: It is imperative to learn basic infant CPR and first aid that can help parents and caregivers to effectively respond to emergencies.

Encourage developmental activities: Try to engage in development activity classes with your baby. These activities may help in improving their motor skills.

Join Support Groups: It is always a better idea to connect with other parents of premature babies so that they can offer some emotional support and advice for betterment.

Following these aftercare tips, parents can significantly enhance the quality of care for their premature babies and may also ensure a healthier and more thriving start to life.

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