International Men's Day 2024: How do air pollution and toxins impact male fertility? Experts decode

On November 19, every year the world celebrates?International Men's Day! On this day, the spotlight is on all the incredible men who make a difference in big and small ways, whether they are mentors, friends, or brothers!

On International Men's Day, while we celebrate the achievements and strength of men, it is also important to talk about the unique health challenges that they go through. One such silent yet significant threat is the rising air pollution levels. Air pollution in Delhi has already wreaked havoc, posing a major threat to our health, but did you know that air pollution impacts sperm quality in men??

Well, there is mounting evidence that environmental toxins, rising air pollution, and harmful substances in the air have dropped the fertility rates among men. According to studies, sperm quality can be impacted due to excessive exposure to pollutants, including particulate matter and heavy metal particles. “These factors can impair sperm quality and its concentration, morphology (form and shape), and motility (the capability to move efficiently), which will impact their ability to reproduce,” says Dr. Nilesh Unmesh Balkawade, Regional Medical Head & Fertility Specialist.?

How does air pollution impact sperm quality?

Research shows men exposed to high toxins may experience up to a 30% higher risk of being infertile. Additionally, poor lifestyle habits like smoking, poor diet, and stress can also be contributing factors.?

Dr. Balkawade explains, “The accumulation of oxygen species in the body because of exposure to pollution also contributes to oxidative stress. This type of damage does not affect the quality of sperm DNA. Also interferes with the hormonal equilibrium necessary for sperm creation. Also, long-term exposure to noise pollution has been linked to testosterone levels, which can additionally affect fertility levels and decrease them.”?

Male fertility is declining across the globe due to multiple factors, including environmental pollution and toxin exposure. “The driving factor includes air pollution (PM2.5 and PM10), heavy metals like lead and cadmium, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals (BPA and phthalates). Fine particulate matter triggers oxidative stress and hormonal imbalances, significantly reducing sperm concentration and motility,” as per Dr. Prasanta Kumar Nayak, Clinical Head & Fertility Specialist, at Oasis Fertility.

Moreover, industrial emissions, plastic, and contaminated water also deplete sperm quality and its DNA functions.?

Tips to prevent the risk?

People can fight this by emphasising diets high in antioxidants, consistent exercise, quitting smoking, and limiting their exposure to toxins. More broadly, stronger environmental laws are essential to limiting dangerous substances and lowering pollution, adds Dr Nayak.?

To safeguard future generations and reproductive health, these challenges must be addressed.

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